Textile fabric composition identification

A simple method to identify the composition of clothing fabrics is the combustion method. The method is to pull out a strand of cloth containing warp and weft from the seam of the garment, ignite it with fire, observe the state of the burning flame, smell the smell of the burning cloth, and look at the residue after burning to judge. Whether it matches the fabric composition marked on the clothing durability label to identify the authenticity of the fabric composition.
1. Cotton fiber and linen fiber Both cotton fiber and linen fiber ignite as soon as the flame is near, burning quickly, with yellow flame and blue smoke. The difference between the smells emitted by the two when burning and the ashes after burning is that cotton emits a paper smell when burned, while hemp emits a grass ash smell after burning. After burning, cotton has very little powdery ash, which is black or gray, while hemp produces a small amount of off-white powdery ashes.
2. Wool fiber and silk: Wool smokes when exposed to fire, foams when burned, burns slowly, and emits the odor of burning hair. After burning, the ashes are mostly shiny black spherical particles that break into pieces when pressed with your fingers. When the silk is exposed to fire, it shrinks into a ball, burns slowly, makes a hissing sound, and emits the smell of burning hair. After burning, it condenses into small dark brown spherical ash, which can be broken into pieces when twisted by hand.
3. Nylon and polyester Nylon, whose scientific name is polyamide fiber, quickly shrinks and melts into a white gel when it is near the flame. It melts, drips and bubbles in the flame. There is no flame when burning. It is difficult to continue burning without the flame, and it emits the smell of celery. After cooling, the light brown melt becomes difficult to grind. Polyester, whose scientific name is polyester fiber, is easy to ignite. It melts and shrinks when it is near a flame. When burning, it melts and emits black smoke, showing a yellow flame and emitting an aromatic smell. After burning, the ashes turn into dark brown lumps that can be crushed with your fingers.
4. Acrylic fiber and polypropylene Acrylic fiber, whose scientific name is polyacrylonitrile fiber, softens and shrinks when close to fire. After igniting, black smoke is emitted and the flame is white. It burns quickly after leaving the flame, exuding the bitter and sour smell of roasted meat. After burning, the ashes become irregular black lumps. , easily broken by hand twisting. The scientific name of polypropylene is polypropylene fiber. It shrinks when near the flame and is flammable. It burns slowly away from the fire and emits black smoke. The upper end of the flame is yellow and the lower end is blue. It emits the smell of petroleum. After burning, the ashes are hard round light yellow-brown particles, which are easy to twist by hand. broken.
5. Vinylon and chlorine. Vinylon’s scientific name is polyvinyl formal fiber. It is not easy to ignite. It melts and shrinks near the flame. When burning, there is a little flame at the top. When the fibers are melted into a gel, the flame becomes larger, with thick black smoke and a bitter smell. , small black bead-like particles remain after burning, which can be crushed with your fingers. Polyvinyl chloride, whose scientific name is polyvinyl chloride fiber, is difficult to burn and extinguishes as soon as it is removed from the fire. The flame is yellow, with green white smoke at the lower end. It emits a pungent, pungent and sour smell. After burning, the ashes turn into dark brown irregular lumps, which are difficult to crush with fingers.
6. Spandex and Fluoronex Spandex, whose scientific name is polyurethane fiber, melts and burns close to the fire. The flame is blue when burning. It continues to melt and burn away from the fire, emitting a special irritating odor. After burning, the ash is soft, fluffy and black. Ash. The scientific name of fluoronon is polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and the ISO organization calls it fluorite fiber. It only melts near the flame, is difficult to ignite, and does not burn. The edge flame is blue-green carbonized, and it decomposes when melted. The gas is toxic, and the melt is hard and round black. beads. Fluoron fibers are commonly used in the textile industry to make high-performance sewing threads.
7. Viscose fiber and cuproammonium fiber Viscose fiber is flammable and burns very quickly. The flame is yellow and smells like burning paper. After burning, there is less ash and it appears as a smooth twisted belt-shaped light gray or off-white fine powder. Cupro-ammonium fiber, commonly known as tiger kapok, burns when near a flame. It burns quickly. The flame is yellow and emits an ester-sour smell. There are very few ash after burning, only a small amount of gray-black ash.